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Fomentar la lectura

GASPAR JOVER POLO.

No todo lo que está escrito y publicado merece parecida consideración por parte del público. Es natural que incluso los más destacados poetas y novelistas no consigan, a lo largo de su trayectoria profesional, más de 20, 30, 40 poemas realmente excelentes, o más de una o dos novelas excepcionales. E incluso dentro de esos 20 ó 30 poemas mayores, siempre aparecen algunos versos mejores que destacan con claridad por encima de los otros. De muchos textos podemos decir que son buenos o muy buenos pero que no nos han llegado a impresionar porque rozar la perfección es difícil incluso para los más dotados artistas. Y hay algunos buenos poetas y buenos escritores que se quedan en la media, que discurren toda su vida por la mediocridad. La irregularidad es una constante en todas las facetas de la vida humana; podemos coincidir en que, dentro de cualquier actividad, siempre se da lo regular, lo bueno y lo mejor, lo que lleva a pensar que puede resultar tal vez conveniente, para  fomentar la afición por la literatura, no recomendar la lectura en general, no repetir lo de lea usted mucho, así en bruto, sin matices, que es lo que se suele decir, sino encaminar al lector poco iniciado en la materia hacia esas páginas más llamativas, hacia esos fragmentos que, por su sublime calidad literaria, pueden acortar el proceso de enamoramiento. Me temo que, para fomentar la lectura, no valen todos, ni siquiera la mayoría de los libros. Es cierto que todo libro, por malo que sea, contiene alguna enseñanza útil, algún párrafo importante; pero, para el lector joven o para cualquiera que empiece a interesarse por la lectura, un libro mediocre puede producir, en su conjunto, un efecto contraproducente, puede resultar en extremo perjudicial y arruinar una incipiente afición. 

Ya sé que se me puede objetar que mi opinión no tiene por qué coincidir con la de la mayoría de los lectores, que a todo el mundo no le tienen que gustar los mismos libros, pero tengo que añadir, en defensa de mi propuesta, que, naturalmente, los fragmentos y los libros seleccionados para recomendar tiene que pertenecer a autores y a obras sobradamente reconocidos por la crítica, por los entendidos y por el público como textos cimeros de la creación literaria. Es muy conveniente tener en cuenta esto, y a partir de ahí, sobre la base de los cientos de libros considerados por la mayoría como obras maestras, adaptar la lectura elegida a la edad y a los recursos intelectuales de la persona o personas en las que se quiere influir. A continuación, voy a poner un ejemplo que, a mi parecer, cumple con todos los requisitos que acabo de enumerar, uno de esos textos que pueden servir para fomentar el amor a la literatura, un texto muy breve pero que me ha proporcionado muy buenos resultados en la práctica. Se trata del acierto de un artista grande, de alguien que disfruta de un amplio aplauso por parte de la crítica. El libro se titula Adán Buenosayres, y de esta obra he escogido el fragmento: “sus ojos eran iguales a dos mañanas juntas”, una imagen producida por el escritor argentino Leopoldo Marechal.   

“Sus ojos eran iguales a dos mañanas juntas” constituye un ejemplo de exquisitez literaria que aparece en la novela Adán Buenosayres escrita por el argentino Leopoldo Marechal, una novela de prestigio pues la crítica la considera como predecesora de las mejores obras del “boom” de la novela hispanoamericana, de Rayuela, de Cien años de soledad. “Sus ojos eran iguales a dos mañanas juntas” aparece casi al principio de la obra y es una especie de piropo que el protagonista de Adán Buenosayres, Adán, lanza a la joven camarera de la pensión donde vive, la que todos los días le entra el desayuno a primera hora y lo despierta. El fragmento presenta la llamativa peculiaridad de comparar los ojos de la muchacha camarera no con la mañana en términos generales, de una forma digamos idealista, sino con dos mañanas en concreto.

Comparar los ojos o la mirada de la mujer con la mañana de un bonito día ya sería una artificio literario lindo, un atractivo símil para destacar la belleza y la pureza de la joven, pero, en este caso, el poeta va un poco más allá al darnos a entender, sin decirlo directamente, que esos ojos de muchacha superan a la mañana de un día luminoso porque tienen la facultad de aparecer juntos, a la vez, mientras que las mañanas normales se suceden en el tiempo y, en consecuencia, solo pueden materializarse de una en una. Por muy hermoso que amanezca, cada día solo puede contener una mañana, mientras que la muchacha es capaz de introducir en el cuarto de Adán la potencia lumínica y estética de dos a la vez; el protagonista de la novela tiene la suerte de recibir como un chute extra de optimismo al mismo tiempo que desayuna. 

El fragmento resulta útil para promocionar la literatura porque parece difícil no caer hechizado por esta luminosa imagen, por este derroche de imaginación literaria y de sensibilidad. Es fácil suponer que algunas personas, tal vez con la ayuda del profesional, del profesor en el aula o del coordinador del club de lectura, van a poder apreciar el valor de la literatura a través del fragmento de Marechal. Y gracias a la excelencia del texto literario, o gracias al texto y al pertinente comentario, es posible que consigamos nuestro principal objetivo, que alguna de las personas hechizadas llegue a la conclusión de que  vale la pena dedicar más tiempo a leer.

37 thoughts on “Fomentar la lectura

    • No lo he puesto en el artículo porque no venía a cuento, pero no solo me gusta la frase citada; en conjunto, Adán Buenosayres es una de mis novelas favoritas. Y por eso es que de verdad me ha causado impresión su comentario.

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